What is a digital village?

Digital villages are telecentres, information centers, or e-centres which provide a suite of services to the public via computers, internet, digital cameras, printers, fax machines and other communication infrastructure.

Among issues to be addressed by the DVs, which will be operated through a franchise model called ‘Pasha’ Villages (‘Pasha’ is a Swahili word for disseminate) include:

• Adoption and diffusion of IT and rate of uptake
• Attaining Millennium Development Goals through ICT
• IT ethics and development
• IT and the emergence of the knowledge society
• IT infrastructure for public administration and reform [legal framework, human resource development
  (HRD) frameworks]
• eGovernance for good government (eGovernment, eDemocracy and eBusiness)
• Innovations in capacity building for ICT development (education in IT, skills for ICT development)
• IT strategies for development (national and sectoral)
• Cyber-security

These among others will be the focus of this timely initiative. This will boost Kenya’s plan to operate a 24 hr economy and be felt across board. ICT and Business can also be addressed through the following ways:

• Procurement: public procurement information systems
• Metropolitan growth and Global Information Systems (GIS)
• Sourcing strategies: net sourcing
• Outsourcing web enabled strategies
• Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) access to public procurement systems
• Open sourcing, online communities
• E-Commerce Security
• Uptake of ICTs on micro-enterprises and their effect on the economy

In Tanzania, Kiswahili is the national and dominant language. In fact, most subjects at school are taught in Kiswahili. Sadiki was therefore more comfortable with Kiswahili than English when he started his computer classes at the UCRC. His major fear was the fact that the whole training would be conducted in English. Sadiki overcame this challenge and successfully finished his training.

Finishing the free Microsoft sponsored UP computer training and becoming computer literate was indeed an achievement in his life. But it didn’t end there, what followed was more interest and exploitation of his potential and a vision of unlimited opportunities that would come his way. He then searched the Internet and enrolled in an online dental assistant course from Penn Foster Career School in the United States. Since he didn’t have access to a credit card for payment online, he discussed an alternative with the institution and has been remitting $100 monthly through Western Union money transfers for his fees. Indeed, Sadiki has exploited his unlimited potential through his use of the Internet.

He is now looking at the possibility of telemedicine! with this he hopes to offer services that are not offered at the health center by involving professionals from other parts of the world. His newest challenge is overcoming poor connectivity, which is something he has been wrestling with since he started his was going to school online.

It’s always exciting news to see a startup get acquired. All of the hard work that goes into the development of a site and the harnessing of a community does pay off.

Check out the wiki for more details.

Rather than incite violence with cell phones in Kenya, Ushahidi made an effort to consolidate all of this information into one convenient mashup. Aside from speaking with my colleagues on the ground in Kenya through Skype and Google Talk, Ushahidi became one of the most valuable resources on the Internet during this time. The concept was simple, take the Google Maps API and add markers over the places where there were reports of violence. Users were able to contribute by reporting violence themselves, bypassing traditional media. This gave people a “faster-than-CNN” look at what was happening on the ground.

What now? The post-election violence in Kenya has died down and there isn’t a need to consistently check a map charting the crisis. Due to the popularity of the mashup and an award of $25,000, Ushahidi has undergone a makeover. The new and improved Ushahidi will open the platform to allow anybody to create their own mashups. These will either be hosted buy Ushahidi or downloaded and installed on an independent server. This is great because the applications for this tool reach far beyond rioting and violent outbreaks in African countries. I can see this being applied to epidemics, natural disasters and any other number of situations where people need up to the minute, geographical information about an event that’s happening.

Not only African countries will find the new Ushahidi useful. I can see this working in Europe and North America as well. Having a tool like this would be useful right now in the Caribbean and the United States with hurricane season in full swing. Most importantly is seeing a project in Africa make an impact on the world as a whole.

Internationalization is most often done by translating text in a single file or by running text through a machine translation service like SYSTRAN. While I won’t get into the topic of developing software for localization, I would like to stress that most localized software and websites are either literal translations or machine translations. In the case of software, this could potentially be an issue in specific edge cases. The pitfalls for literal machine translations of websites should be obvious since the mechanics of different languages are different and some words carry different weight in different cultures. When large bodies of text are translated using a machine, there are bound to be some not-so-subtle issues.

The best way to localize software is to have dedicated speakers contributing to the project. Besides software from large companies like Microsoft, localized projects are more than likely going to be open source for languages such as Swahili or more obscure languages like Kamba or Luo. I’ll highlight some software that has been localized using this method. As a disclaimer, since my Franch and Swahili are poor and I can’t speak a bit of Afrikaans or Zulu, I cannot test these out for myself. Feel free to leave comments if any of these haven’t been localized as well as I think they should be.

OpenOffice is an open source (FREE!) project that has been localized for a number of languages including French, Swahili, Afrikaans and Zulu. This project is supported by many dedicated volunteers since this is one of the few viable alternatives to Microsoft Office on the PC. Check this list for the latest list of supported languages. If you haven’t tried this yet, it’s better than paying a lot of money for licenses, asking for donations or pirating Office if you don’t have to. OpenOffice and Microsoft Office share the same fundamentals so anyone learning on OpenOffice should be able to figure out Microsoft Office.

Just because OpenOffice is a free alternative to Microsoft Office doesn’t mean it should be dismissed. However, most Africans will not be able to use it in their native tongue or national language (unless it’s French or English). A list of language packs for Office 2007 can be found at the bottom of this page. It’s too bad that Microsoft isn’t supporting more languages in their latest versions of Office. To Microsoft’s credit, language support is available for older versions of Office for Swahili, Afrikaans, Zulu and others. Check the bottom half of this list to see if your language is supported.

Beyond productivity in an office suite, there are localized options for web browsing. Mozilla Firefox has been fully localized in a number of languages including Afrikaans. However, it doesn’t look as though other languages (besides French) have been introduced to the browser. Since this is an open source project, however, this is a possibility in the future. Hopefully this will happen sooner than later!

This is far from a comprehensive list of software and projects localizing in African languages. The Kamusi Project has a small list of Swahili projects. The International Development Research Centre has a number of projects researching the possibility of getting software in the languages of African people.

Not only is Zebra a job board, but it also offers registered users a wide range of services from education and internship opportunities as well as pointers on job search and building skills. For employers, they can post their listings for free, as Zebra is supported through sponsorship and ad revenue with Google AdWords.

When signing up and entering my contact information, I noticed the “State/Province” dropdown didn’t work. Since this is a required field, I had to figure out how to make this work so I continued to fill out the form and it disappeared after selecting my country. Continuing with this form, I was told I had to fill in all the required fields. I suspect something went wrong with the AJAX lookup of valid states. I may be being picky but this should come after the country dropdown for usability sake or this should not rely on AJAX as most Africans are using very slow and unreliable Internet access.

To Zebra’s credit, even though I had the issue with the dropdown menu, the rest of the sign up process was a breeze. It didn’t require too much information, which a lot of job posting sites generally do. I was quickly able to sign up and start browsing positions and found a number of jobs related to technology.

Even though I found a few positions in my field, at the time of this writing, I only see 306 jobs posted for all of Africa. This is understandable given the current adoption of technology in Africa but could be much better, even though most people conduct their job searchs via word of mouth or through traditional media like the newspaper. As Africa becomes more technologically literate, more people will move their search online which will make this tool much more valuable.

It will be interesting to see how well this site adapts to the market as competetors will surely enter as more users come online. This is a great start and I’d love to see more sites like it.

It’s Blog Day 2008! The way this works is you post five blogs and write a little bit about each one. Since I’m new to the African technology blogging scene, I’m not going to have many recommendations pointing to blogs with exactly the same subject matter. Either way, I hope some of these blogs are new to you! I’m also going to use this opportunity to start building out my blogroll on the right hand side of the page.

1. White African - Hailing from Kenya, Erik Hersman is one of the most popular tech bloggers in Africa. His blog is also one of the things that inspired me to start blogging about tech in Africa.
2. Kenyan Pundit - Ory Okolloh, another Kenyan blogger writes short, witty posts that will keep you both entertained and informed about issues involving Kenayns and the government there.
3. Social Media Explorer - Closer to home, Jason Falls is a blogger covering anything and everything in the world of social media. It’s definitely worth a read.
4. Evan Sims - Evan’s blog touches a bit of everything in tech from gaming to reviews of products ranging from hardware movies. He’s also a good friend of mine and the guy I became a geek with spending endless hours in Worlds Away and Ultima Online.
5. Your Blog - Tell me about your blog. I’m looking for something good to read!

I hope you enjoy giving each of these blogs a look!

PayFast is a new startup based in Johannesburg and is a direct competitor with PayPal.  Essentially, PayFast is a solution for South Africans to purchase goods online, send and receive money using electric funds transfer (ETF) or a credit card.

One of the major benefits for using PayFast is that a credit card is not required.  At least in Kenya, many people do not carry credit cards which makes it difficult to conduct business or purchase products online.  If a South African has a bank account, they will be able to hook into this service and initiate transactions with merchants that utilize PayFast.

There are three different types of accounts.  With a personal account, the limitations for users are they will not be able to accept credit card payments or set up an ecomerce store. Also, all fees are waived for personal accounts.  The next level is a premium account which is like the personal account except users with premium accounts can accept credit card payments (see edit at the end of this post).  Finally there is a merchant account which allows users full access to the service.  All accounts follow the same fee structure which is anywhere from 1.4-2% of the transaction.

Services like these are important for the growth of the e-commerce sector in Africa. However, there needs to be a broader approach with services allowing users to charge their accounts with methods other than a bank account.  I will be examining a service by Safaricom in Kenya which offers another alternative.

Check out PayFast here.

8/31/08/ Edit: Richard Catto of Cape Town News brought to my attention the fact that PayFast has yet to enable credit card processing. This is a critical feature for a system like PayFast so it will be able to adopt new users easily. For instance, when purchasing a product from a website that uses PayPal, you do not need to be a PayPal member if you use your credit card to initiate a transaction. According to the PayFast website, this feature is coming and will be a welcome addition to their service.  Even thought accepting credit cards is an important feature to launch with, PayFast is young and has an opportunity to improve on its offerings.

Rising from the ashes of post-election violence in January this year, the government of Kenya has come up with a plan to improve economic development over the next couple of decades. Vision 2030 is a forward looking plan to increase the already high gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of 6.1% to 10% per year starting in 2012. Ultimately, with Vision 2030 put to action, Kenya will be propelled into the ranks of other high-growth countries like Singapore, Dubai and Malaysia.

These ambitious goals will be obtained by focusing on the improvement of a number of areas from security to energy and infrastructure to science, technology and innovation. What exactly does this mean for technology in Kenya and East Africa as a whole?

Infrastructure is one of the major areas slated for improvement under the vision.  This is going to include making significant improvements to roads, railways, seaports, airports, water, sanitation and telecommunications.  Telecommunications aside, improved transportation and more reliable shipping methods will reduce risk significantly for both corporations and individuals who choose to start a new business.  The benefits of having a dependable telecommunications network are obvious.  The ability to access networks virtually 24/7 is paramount to the success of any economic growth plan.

Currently in rural towns and villages, the Internet can be difficult to come by.  Outside of urban areas like Nairobi and Kisumu, getting to an Internet Cafe is a challenge because they must rely on questionable satellite internet service providers and they are simply located few and far between.  This improvement in infrastructure will need to encompass smaller towns like Ugunja, Kitui and others for Vision 2030 to be a success.

Something that has helped many Southeast Asian countries like South Korea and China has been their ability to provide services to more developed countries like the United States, Britain and others.  With reliable telecommunications, Kenya will be able to develop a Business Process Offshoring (BPO) sector. By 2012, the plan calls for at least 7,500 BPO jobs to be created, increasing the GDP by KShs10 billion (roughly $145 billion US).

The BPO project will be sustained by attracting top multinational companies that will in turn boost confidence in the ability for other companies to do business in Kenya.  The plan also introduces the establishment of a designated BPO park in Nairobi that will be supported by world-class facilities and the most reliable infrastructure.  Because of these efforts, more companies will consider establishing offshore operations there.

Technological solutions touch virtually every aspect of Vision 2030.  They include the utilization of communication technology to improve security, exploitation of clean geothermal energy for power, training citizens in technical fields and creating incentives for research and development.

Vision 2030 looks like a great plan to improve the lives of Kenyans and help Kenya to maintain its status as a champion in East Africa. It will be interesting to watch how well the Kenyans implement their grand vision.